![]() ![]() American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. "A Simple, Rapid Procedure for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Early Pregnancies". "How a Frog Became the First Mainstream Pregnancy Test". "Dr Maurice Friedman 87 Dies Created Rabbit Pregnancy Test". Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. "Aschheim-Zondek test for pregnancy – its present status". The New Illustrated Medical and Health Encyclopedia. ^ "The assay of gonadotropic extracts in the post-partum rabbit".Modern pregnancy tests continue to operate on the basis of testing for the presence of the hormone hCG in the blood or urine, but no longer require the use of a live animal. Thomas Austin, a wealthy settler who lived in Victoria, Australia, had 13 European wild rabbits sent to him from across the world, which he let roam free on his estate. In 1859, European rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) were introduced into the Australian wild so that they could be hunted. Ī later alternative to the rabbit test, known as the " Hogben test", used the African clawed frog, and yielded results without the need to cut the animal open. Introduction of European Rabbits to Australia. While many people assumed that the injected rabbit would die only if the woman was pregnant, in fact all rabbits used for the test died, as they had to be dissected in order to examine the ovaries. The phrase was, in fact, based on a common misconception about the test. The term "rabbit test" was first recorded in 1949, and was the origin of a common euphemism, "the rabbit died", for a positive pregnancy test. The rabbit test became a widely used bioassay (animal-based test) to test for pregnancy. A few days after the injection, the animal would be dissected and the size of her ovaries examined. Friedman and Lapham's test was essentially identical, but replaced the mouse with a rabbit. The test was considered reliable, with an error rate of less than 2%. ![]() When urine from a woman in the early months of pregnancy was injected into immature female mice, their ovaries would enlarge and show follicular maturation. An earlier test, known as the AZ test, was developed by Selmar Aschheim and Bernhard Zondek. The hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced during pregnancy and can be found in a pregnant woman's urine and blood it indicates the presence of an implanted fertilized egg. The rabbit test, or Friedman test, was an early pregnancy test developed in 1931 by Maurice Friedman and Maxwell Edward Lapham at the University of Pennsylvania. For the statistical test, see Friedman test. ![]()
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